Medical Genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About being a Police Officer Essay Example for Free

About being a Police Officer Essay On the off chance that you are keen on turning into a cop, you should know about the fact that it is so difficult to land the position. You need to experience hard mental and physical screening and preparing, and in light of current circumstances. Police work is a respectable vocation, however it can likewise be a troublesome life. I pick this subject since I think a lot about it as of now yet I need to learn more since I may wind up being in Law Enforcement. Being a Police Officer isn't as hard as it looks you being fit. To turn into a cop, you should breeze through a wellness assessment, and you will be required to achieve different wellness challenges at the police foundation. Its not constantly. You should compose reports of what occurred, and those reports must be precise and point by point since they can be utilized as proof in court. See increasingly: Old Age Problem paper Wrongdoing wont stop when youre off the clock. You might be called upon to help with a circumstance whenever. Be that as it may, these additional hours regularly accompany extra time pay. The communitys security is in your grasp, and your work won't generally be regarded. You must have the option to endure individuals not confiding in you due to the activities of other cops, and you may wind up reconstructing trust all the time. Not exclusively will you take a shot at a regular schedule with your accomplice, however you should likewise speak to the police to the network. All Your activities will be under investigation, either by your boss, your friends or people in general on the loose. This is the thing that I know before I begin studying being a Police Officer.

Essay For University - How to Create Them

Essay For University - How to Create ThemWhat is it about essay for university samples that makes them so difficult to understand? Not only are they too technical, but they are also extremely challenging. When you first receive a pile of essay for university samples, your first instinct may be to thumb through them, just to see what's there. Then, if you try reading the paragraphs out loud, you're likely to get confused and feel lost.But first, let's clarify what you're looking for in essays for university samples. They must not only be grammatically correct, but they should be interesting and filled with an enthusiasm that will make your students realize why they're studying English in the first place.Writing essays for university is also a great way to help your students learn about the history of writing, which is another reason why you want to give them something that is engaging and captivating. And since you are the professor, the essay for university samples that you give will be the best source of information for your students.If you really want to impress your students, you have to make sure that the essay for university samples you create has a strong foundation and will further strengthen your student's grasp of the English language. It also has to be able to show how writing, grammar, and punctuation are all connected and can actually contribute to the overall structure of the essay. After all, the purpose of a written assignment is to get an understanding of the topic at hand.Now, if you're high school students, you may already know that essay for university samples are fairly different from those you will find in college. Of course, you also learned in school that you shouldn't always write in the same style as everyone else, and you should learn to express yourself in your own unique way. But still, it's hard to keep up with all the grammatical rules that you have been exposed to in the classroom, so it might be time to break free from the rigid classroom writing patterns and take a different approach to writing for college.In order to make your own essay for university, there are some things you must do. First of all, you need to keep the use of English's rules for punctuation and grammar in mind when writing the essay. You should also ensure that it fits in with the rest of the paper and will showcase your writing style.Now, you should focus on developing and maintaining a specific style of writing. You should be able to express yourself in a way that your readers will not only appreciate, but will also be able to relate to. This is where essay for university samples can come in handy.Since the purpose of an essay for university samples is to let your students know more about the basics of writing, you need to understand this basic rule - you need to tell them the basics first, and then develop it into your essay in your own way. When you incorporate your personal style into the writing of the essay, your student will be able to relate to it and will be impressed by your expertise. This can actually make a difference between success and failure of your essay for university samples.

Positive Outome of Media Coverage of Criminal Trials in India

In India, the growing phenomenon of activist media coverage of criminal trials has seen some positive outcomes. It is even arguable that until India’s rotten criminal justice system is reformed, the judiciary must tolerate journalistic vigilantism. A journalist must not be given an absolute free reign to wantonly declare an accused person as innocent or guilty. Any institution, be it legislature, executive, judiciary or bureaucracy, is liable to be abused if it exceeds its legitimate jurisdiction and functions. But sometimes these ultra vires activities are blessing in disguise as is the case of judicial activism. Media trial is also an appreciable effort along with the innovative sting operations as it keeps a close watch over the investigations and activities of police administration and executive. But there must be a reasonable self-restriction over its arena and due emphasis should be given to the fair trial and court procedures must be respected with adequate sense of responsibility. Media should acknowledge the fact that whatever they publish has a great impact over the spectator. Therefore, it is the moral duty of media to show the truth and that too at the right time. No person charged of any crime should be judged by the media because that person is innocent until proven guilty, and it one the basic premise of criminal jurisprudence. And, no one, and this includes also the media, should be allowed to temper with the functioning of law. The rule of law as

A Study On Financial Crisis - 1964 Words

This-time-is-different syndrome is derived from the attic faith that our country is powerful that we possess advanced financial system, superior policy and policy makers, innovative financial instru-ments. Financial crises are things that happen to other countries at other times; crises do not occur to us at this time at country. Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff with their working that provides empirical evidence of the relations among currency, sovereign government defaults , banking crisis, stock market crashes , debt, financial crises, inflation, and long-term economic growth. (Reinhart and Rogoff 2009a and 2009b). This essay are organised by four parts. Section II presents a brief sum-mary of the book â€Å"this time is different† and some important views of Reinhart and Rogoff. At the same time, to some relatively sanguine view about 2007-2008 financial crisis should be discussed. Section III presents criticizers opposite to the most influential of their workings and t heir defence to them will be displayed. The last section is the conclusion of the whole essay. Part I of the book focus on the introduction of varieties of crises, the syndrome of debt intolerance and their global database. They pointed out that from 1350-2006, a duration of development of emerging market economy phase, the most notable feature of this time is all countries have defaulted at least once and many several times on external debt, there is nearly no â€Å"default virgins†. (Reinhart and Rogoff).Show MoreRelatedCase Study : The Financial Crisis1084 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1 – Case Study: The Financial Crisis The purpose of this case study is to provide an introduction to business ethics. The first section of the assignment is an overview of the stakeholders. The second part is the description of an utilitarian perspective and how it should be applied on the case study. 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Since attitude strength is more closely tied to actual purchase behavior than is attitude valence (Fazio 1995; Petty, Haugtvedt, and Smith 1995; Priester et al. 2004), a more convincing case for the power of attachment would be Read MoreMacys Inc Financial Crisis Case Study760 Words   |  3 Pagesfour years. Year Amount 2008 33 million 2009 4 Billion 2010 35 million 2011 10 million Notice that the trend of net income is increasing from 2009 to 2011. This indicates an increase in consumer spending after the financial crisis of 2008. The financial crisis had a major impact on consumer confidence, which is the foundation of spending. If consumers are fearful for their well being, they will undoubtedly cut discretionary spending. 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The Dow Jones industrial average wa s on a downwardRead MoreImpact of Financial Crisis on the Textile Industry of Pakistan: a Case Study of Fateh Textile Industry5350 Words   |  22 Pages2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Impact Of Financial Crisis On The Textile Industry Of Pakistan: A Case Study Of Fateh Textile Industry 1 Dr. Zahid Ali Channar, 2Dr. Nanik Ram 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Management Sciences, Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. 2 Assistant professor Department of economics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro pakistan. Abstract: After the great depression of 1930s, financial crisis of 2007-09 were most serious

Perianesthesia Organization and Administration

Question: Discuss about the Perianesthesia Organization and Administration. Answer: Introduction Contemporary nursing may be seen as a conglomeration of certain beliefs, values and practices that may be put into practice within the realm of clinical practice to bring forth the desirable and optimum changes with the objective of providing respite to the distressed patients. Thus various nursing models and theories were introduced with the purpose of aiding in the process of understanding complex phenomenon by means of holistic approach and utilization of these conceptual models and tools. An overview of the real life happenings is generally promoted through these theories and models. In this context, the essential components concerning a nursing model may be appraised as having a set of values and beliefs, a statement in relation to the goal the nursing professional is endeavoring to attain and finally the requisite skills in addition to the knowledge that the nurses must possess to carry out in clinical practice (McEwen, 2013). Moreover, identification of the key concepts pivota l to the nursing profession is indispensable to the achievement of the desirable outcomes. In this regard four key concepts were unanimously decided of comprising the core themes in nursing encompassing the patient or the recipient of the nursing care, environment or the receivers specific surroundings, health or the ill or well being state of the client and finally nursing itself in which the nurses resort to providing care and undertake necessary actions on behalf or in co-operation with the patient. Thus it may be said that these theories form the foundations for the nursing practice thereby aiding ion the generation of further knowledge and concepts that would steer changes in a positive manner for future reference. Thus the description, prediction and explanation of the phenomenon relevant to nursing practice are provided by these theories. Emphasis is laid upon considering the various bioethical standards such as autonomy, beneficence, fidelity, freedom, objectivity, self asse rtion among many, while framing these theories. Critical thinking measures together with abductive reasoning patterns are taken into account to pave the way for decisively making ways for nursing theories (Alligood, 2014). However, in these care settings of clinical care adequate importance and attention paid on the evidence based practice to foster the generation of a suitable practice guideline and consequently theories that may be applicable in other care facilities as well thereby accounting for a closer association between theory and practice. Systematic understanding of the relevant situations and events are the primary objectives of these theories applicable to broader circumstances in clinical settings (Marshall, 2016). Hence the Kolcabas Comfort Theory may be mentioned in this regard that acts as a middle range theory in health practice, research and education. The discussions in the following sections will consider the utilities, relevancy and possible applications of the Comfort Theory with respect to the nursing practice especially in coping up with the pain management issues and applicability in the perianesthasia setting. Kolcabas Comfort Theory in Patient Care The various Nursing theories and models that are in vogue in the current clinical settings have many implications in healthcare. One such theory is the Kolcabas Comfort Theory that is considered as the middle range theory applicable to the domains concerning education, health practice and research. According to the propositions of this theory comfort is placed at the core of the nursing practice and healthcare and is suggested as the immediate desirable outcome of the nursing care. Holistic learning and acquisition of self emancipating behaviors are emphasized by the nursing professionals to utilize the holistic comfort theory in an effort to advocate optimum patient outcomes maintaining the essential virtues of patient safety and autonomy. The realities of nursing practice are put forward in front of them through the provision of this theory (Goodwin Candela, 2013). In this regard the Comfort Theory holds immense significance in promoting the best practices in nursing care to foste r best possible outcomes in the patient population. The Comfort Theory was first proposed in the 1990s by Katherine Kolcaba. The original definition for comfort attributed to the meaning of strengthening greatly. According to Kolcaba the presumptions of this theory highlighted that the need for comfort is fundamental, individuals normally experience comfort in a holistic manner, self comforting mechanism may be either healthy or unhealthy and rise in productivity is directly related to the enhancement in comfort levels. The nomenclature of comfort may be perceived under various backdrops whereas the general idea of providing relief from any discomfort may be presented from all the possible corners. The three distinct types of comfort were related to the theory concerning the important aspects of relief, ease and transcendence that in turn were procured from three distinct nursing theories. The work of Orlando (1961/1990) who demonstrated that the nurses were responsible for reliving the needs as depicted by the patients in course of their treatments paved the way for the relief concept pertaining to the Comfort Theory. Further the work by Henderson (1978) lead to the development of the concept of ease relevant to the comfort theory where thirteen basic functions have been identified to be integral to the maintenance of homeostasis. The third aspect of transcendence that forms the core of the comfort theory implies that patients may surpass their difficulties by virtue of receiving help from the nurses and the idea was conceived in the works of Paterson and Zderad (1976). Literature from numerous disciplines encompassing nursing, psychology, medicine, psychiatry, ergonomics and English were referred to for conducting the concept analysis. Patient comfort is also presumed to take place in four varied contexts associated with holistic human experience relevant to physical, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural aspects. After the introduction of the three forms of comfort and the four contexts relevant to all round human experience, a taxonomic structure was laid down in order to assist in evaluation, measurement and assessment of patient comfort where comfort was perceived as the product of holistic nursing approach. As per the propositions mad in the Comfort Theory patients are understood as individuals, families, institutions or communities requiring healthcare (Kolcaba, 2015). In an effort to enhance the comfort, environment is generally considered as any aspect concerning the patient, family or institutional surrounding that may be manipulated by a nurse or a family person. Conversely health is also defined as the optimal functioning in the patient as described by patient, family, group or community. Identification of the broader approach pertaining to the care offered to the patients and their families was done through the usage of the enhanced comfort theory in a study carrying out family exp erience survey in the surgical intensive care unit. The questionnaire for the survey was prepared in compliance with the theoretical basis provided by the Comfort theory emphasizing upon the four aspects of comfort and the survey findings were carefully analyzed for the purpose of identifying and implementing suitable interventions in keeping with the issues raised in the study (Twohig et al., 2015). In order to cater to the needs of the veterans healthcare, comfort theory is prominent to confer daily patient and family care, discharge planning and follow up in several settings in addition to the strategies needed to improve institutional integrity and branding (Boudiab Kolcaba, 2015). Similar sort of applications may be suited in the cases of the perianesthesia setting to optimize patient outcomes through proper detection of comfort interventions thereby accounting for holistic comfort management in the concerned individuals (Wilson Kolcaba, 2004). Therefore the work and percepti on of the healthcare professionals may be profoundly impacted within the realm of one institution by means of the theoretical structure of the Kolcabas Comfort Theory. Applications of Comfort Theory Kolcabas Comfort Theory highlights the efficacy of the theoretical aspect of comfort where the immediate state of being strengthened by means of possessing the human needs for relief, ease and transcendence addressed through addressing of four contexts of experience involving physical, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural contexts. In the nursing practice, this theory is applicable to various settings depending upon the case scenarios. Assessments of the patients comfort needs and consequently improvisation and implementation of the suitable nursing care plans as well as the evaluation of the patients comfort after the care plans are executed are the primary objectives in nursing. Purposeful evaluation of the comfort needs in conjunction with the designing of comfort measures in order to address those needs followed by reassessment of comfort levels post implementation phase also falls under nursing goals. Assessments are generally carried out in two forms which include b oth objective and subjective patterns of analyses. Objective assessment mainly considers observational analysis while subjective assessment seeks to address the comfort level in the patient through questionnaire sessions. A pilot study aimed to explore the family relationships at the end of life and examined the relations among factors such as relatedness states, perceived comfort and life closure. Thus comfort was identified as a crucial factor that was intimately associated with the levels of involvement and relationship among the participant group and the end of life patients exhibited preference towards interactions that involved minimal effort (Hansen et al., 2015). Applications of Comfort Theory may be understood through its utilizations in the gynecological settings in the healthcare facility. A study was conducted to determine the impact of nursing care depending upon comfort theory applicable to womens postpartum comfort levels after Caesearean sections. The results of the study concluded that nursing care focusing on comfort theory effectively cater to the needs of the women who underwent C-sections thereby offering scopes for improvement of postpartum comfort levels. Thus the nursing care outcomes relevant to this specific population may be found to harbor positive consequences that may be further corroborated to other studies concerning similar populations as well (Aksoy Derya Pasinlio?lu, 2015). Another study highlighted on the issue of management of postpartum pain with the purpose of successfully reliving the pain in the concerned women through the usage of most appropriate complement and dosing schedule of medications in addition to non-pharmacologic comfort methods. Attention was also given so that the woman remained fully aware and awake in the process to car for the newborn. Thus the holistic outcomes of the comfort theory were well applicable to this condition where all requisite needs for relief, ease and transcendence in the context of the physical experience of pain. Hence evidence based pain management strategies comprising of both the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions were assessed under the light of the comfort theory referring to the common sources of postpartum pain (Eshkevari, Trout Damore, 2013). Further study emphasized on the pain relief strategies within the hospital setting through the utilization of the non-pharmacologic interventional approach to reduce pain during labor thereby providing comfort and care to the women and their infants without causing any harm (Chaillet et al., 2014). A study consisting of the practical application of Kolcabas comfort theory dealt with the patients in the cardiac care unit. Various cardiac syndromes lead to the generation of pain in the patients suffering from the condition. The potential effectiveness of the quiet time interventional approach in relation to four contexts ranging from physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental has been indicated in the investigation. The efficacy of the nursing practice may culminate in fostering patient comfort following explicit application of the concerned theory. Thus the thoughtful consideration of the quiet time intervention may lead to holistic outcomes in the cardiac patients (Krinsky, Murillo Johnson, 2014). In order to assess the effectiveness of the nurses knowledge and beliefs concerning the comfort nursing care relevant to the hospitalized patients a survey was conducted. The survey findings revealed that large differences existed regarding the knowledge between nurse s pertaining to the comfort care working across various departments. Further in this respect, continuous educational programs are recommended to enhance the knowledge base in addition to the skills relevant to comfort care (Hou et al., 2014). Thus the multifaceted applicability of the comfort theory correspond to its usage in the departments such as pediatrics, geriatrics, orthopedics, obstetrics and gynecology, cardiology, oncology, perianesthesia, intensive care units and others. Pain Management and Comfort Theory The domain of pain management in clinical practice is an integral part to provide respite to the distressed patients. Pain management is generally considered as an important branch of medicine that adopts an interdisciplinary outlook to ease out the sufferings thereby providing scopes for improving the quality of life in patients who are habituated to sustain their lives in chronic pain. Assessments of pain and designing of the therapeutic doses are considered vital to the roles played by the nurses in a specific clinical setting. An insightful and thorough understanding regarding the knowledge and attitudes regarding the treatment of pain is imperative to facilitate the levels of comfort and enhance the quality of life in the concerned patients. A survey aimed to focus on these vital issues concerning the pain management procedures followed by the practicing nurses in their respective disciplines to mitigate the pain in the relevant population. Pain education must conform to the cas e suited facilitators and barriers that may aid in filling the deficits in nursing knowledge for pain management. Comfort Theory may thus be suited in the nursing interventions strategy to identify the requisite comfort needs and demands of the patient in the relevant contexts (Craig, 2014). The effects of anesthesia can be handled through effective and safe pain management strategies carried out by the nurses having specialized skills in the said methods. Nurses generally refer to the Comfort Theory whiling improvising the changes necessary to provide respite to the patients addressing the definite comfort needs. A study laid emphasis to this aspect relevant to the postanesthesia patient in order to assess the acuteness of the pain (Buss Melderis, 2002). Various studies highlighted the potential benefits of using the Comfort theory in actual practice to relive the patients from chronic pain due to varied health conditions. In this context reference may be made of a study where a qualitative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions pertinent to the offering of pain relief and solace in patients having chronic pain. Participants were included in two groups, the one involving aromatherapy and music therapy while the other considered massage or cranial still point induction. Statistical analysis exhibited that in case of both the group improvement in both pain and comfort occurred. Thus comfort theory was holistically utilized in strengthening the needs of the patients concerning relief, ease and transcendence aspects (Townsend et al., 2014). Further in another study nurses emphasized on the constructs involving comfort and quality of care as the crucial tools in the overall pain assessment strategy in patie nts suffering from dementia. The study aimed to investigate the cues and practices followed by the nursing home nurses to detect and subsequently offer the pain alleviating strategies. In this regard the nurses took into consideration not only the comfort as expressed by the residents but also on the familys level of comfort regarding the pain management especially in cases of the end of life dementia patients. The usage of the discomfort behavior scales in pain mitigation was encouraged (Monroe, Parish Mion, 2015). More studies have highlighted on utilizing the Comfort Theory for the geriatric patients undergoing treatment in clinical setting. In this regard an investigation focused on using the post operative pain management in the concerned patients to design suitable treatment intervention that might alleviate the pain in the elderly patients thereby making provisions for quicker recovery and relief from pain. Post operative pain assessment harbored the results that both pharma cologic intervention and non-pharmacologic intervention were effective in mitigating pain in the elderly (Sine, 2015). Thus pain and comfort were found to be intimately associated in providing respite to the respective patient population admitted to various departments in a clinical setting. Practical application of Comfort Theory in Perianesthesia Setting The applicability of the Comfort theory may be extrapolated to the perinesthesia setting where the nursing professionals are actively engaged in providing comfort to the patients. In the standards for care for the nursing practice, comfort has been assigned as a primary goal. Therefore the comfort theory has been utilized in the context where the various interrelated aspects of comfort are addressed to provide holistic solution to the distressed patient. In this regard, attention is given to treat the symptoms of anxiety as it imparts profound impact upon the health and often negatively influence the physiologic functioning in the body (Kolcaba Wilson, 2002). A study revealed the efficacy of using the Comfort theory to harbor the outcomes pertaining to peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC). The study outcomes concluded that both pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological approaches in conjunction with improved awareness among the patients might help to alleviate the pain and anxiety symptoms and thereby reducing the negative experiences to aid in recovery (Tee, Low Matizha, 2015). Another study explored the relationship between comfort and hope in case of the perianesthesia patients undergoing surgery. Results exhibited that demographic characteristics impacted the comfort and hope in these patients to ensure quicker recovery thereby allowing for careful approaches on the part of the healthcare providers to care for the prianesthesia patients (Seyedfatemi et al., 2014). Further a study focused on identifying the perceptions relevant to the peranesthesia nurses that might either promote or distract from sustaining a satisfying, safe and efficient working environment. The specific domains concerning the distribution, communication, technology utilization and leadership skills need to be readdressed and strengthened to allow for sustainable work surrounding relevant to the perianesthesia setting (Seefeldt et al., 2016). Perianesthesia Nursing curriculum has emphasized on the provision of appropriate care and comfort strategy that may be helpful in providing relief to the patients admitted in the perianesthesia setting by means of working in compliance with respect to certain competencies and desirable skills (Odom-Forren Clifford, 2015). The competencies defined in these guidelines encompass a wide range of things including the professional competencies, pre-operative assessment competencies, life span competencies, perianesthesia competencies, system competencies as well as education and discharge competencies (Windle Schick, 2015). Research provides the framework for the perianesthesia organization and administration. The postanesthesia care unit generally comprise of the preoperative and postoperative areas where the role of the nurses working in collaboration with the physicians and other professionals. The provision of the safe and competent care facility for the distressed patients to prevent and allay the possibility of any discomfort falls under the responsibilities of the attending nurses to ensure recovery and proper treatment modality. Emphasis is laid upon the contexts in which comfort is provided in addition to the aspects of the comfort care to approach the situation holistically (Pasternak, 2016). The demanding nature of the care provision by the nursing professionals in case of the perianesthesia setting calls for certain competency skills involving mentorship, communication, crisis management and competency as an advocate of patient safety. Beyond the critical care skills the nurses are required to have certain soft skills that facilitate the care provision within the perianesthesia specialty (Ead, 2014). Within the realm of the perianesthesia setting, thorough evaluation and assessment concerning the management of pain and comfort is indispensable to improve awareness and likewise ensure the provision of quality healthcare facilities abiding by the numerous education and practices relevant to the perianesthesia setting (Pain et al., 2004). The use of the questionnaire survey to assess the level of comfort in the patients is also in practice since quite a long time where responses to survey questions are analyzed and evaluated for understanding the effectiveness of the proposed intervention modality. One such study studied the effectiveness of the essential oils of lavender and ginger to promote childrens comfort in perianesthesia setting (Nord Belew, 2009). Thus the utilization of the comfort theory may be carried out in the perianesthesia setting in both subjective as we ll as objective manner to redress the situation. Nursing Practice and Comfort Theory application in a Case study The effectiveness of the comforting strategies adopted in course of nursing practice during the treatment intervention is imperative to carry out the assessment for the degree of comfort as perceived by the patients. In this regard a holistic approach is advisable to procure the optimum benefits. The Comfort Theory may be applied pertaining to a specific case situation where the four contextual aspects of comfort comprising of physical, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural is satisfactorily addressed through fulfillment of the essential needs for relief, ease and transcendence. The health seeking behaviors exhibited in cases of the patients, families and the healthcare provider team will account for generating the desirable outcomes with respect to comfort in the patients. The taxonomic structure will provide a detailed analysis and assessment regarding the comfort needs in the patient thereby paving the ways for deciding and identifying the suitable interventional strate gies applicable in the particular scenario. Comfort improvement is only possible in conditions when the nurses succeed in acknowledging the issues prevalent in the patient to improvise and subsequently implement interventional modalities. Background: Let us assume a scenario in which a 50 years old Mexican male suffering from colorectal cancer is admitted to the surgical intensive care unit after undergoing sigmoidal colon resection surgery. Comfort theory may be applied in this condition to get an idea about his specific comfort needs relevant to the four given contexts and paying attention to the probable and appropriate comfort care interventions. Taxonomic Structure for Identification of Comfort Needs RELIEF EASE TRANSCENDENCE PHYSICAL Pain Fatigue Nausea Promotion of sleep and relaxation without keeping scopes for reducing the fatigue levels. Side effects due to post surgery medications under control. Patient resumes daily normal activities. PSYCHOSPIRITUAL Anxiety Depression Vagueness about prognosis Requires spiritual therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL Noisy ward, exposure to bright lights, Cold room Facilitation of privacy is desirable The surrounding should be quiet, calm and familiar. SOCIOCULTURAL Absence of family, traditional values and cultural sensitive care Effective communication restricted due to language barrier Need for support from family or significant other; need for information, consultation Interventions related to Comfort Care Type of Comfort Care Action / Intervention Example Agents STANDARD COMFORT INTERVENTIONS Vital signs Pathological findings Evaluation of patient Medications treatments Pain management Nurses/ Consultation with family as well as physicians COACHING Emotional guidance and support Education Reassurance Empathic listening Interpreter for communication Doctors/Nurses/ Consultation with family COMFORT FOOD FOR THE SOUL Therapeutic touch Quality time investment Music Therapy (Tse, Chan Benzie, 2005) Personal Connections Food Ethnic traditions and beliefs Nurses/ Family In the pursuit for offering comfort to the patients, the nurses must therefore play an important role to safeguard the requirements of the patients. Post surgery, the need to implement the accelerated post operative recovery programs is desirable to conduct the pain management and care provision suited to the patients condition. For achieving the long term prognostic outcomes a multidisciplinary and coordinated effort from al ends concerned encompassing the healthcare professionals, nurses, doctors and ancillary staff is desirable. According to empirical research evidences these programs bore positive results with respect to the perianesthesia care setting (Pasero Belden, 2006). Thus referring to the comfort needs relevant to the given patient condition the most appropriate and case suited interventional strategies is recommended to cater to the specific requirements and offer relief to the patient. Conclusion The integration of the concepts related to comfort is venerable to the nursing practice. Kolcabas Comfort Theory contributes holistically to deal with the range of problems associated with a given clinical scenario. The immediate experience of being emancipated through address for the needs of relief, ease and transcendence relevant to four separate contexts involving sociocultural, psychospiritual, physical and environmental aspects is considered in the Comfort Theory. Therefore the theoretical structuring of the Kolcabas Comfort Theory presents with immense potential for steering the works and perceptions relevant to the healthcare providers located within one organizational framework. The Comfort Theory accounts for supporting the clinical decision making through address of the basic human needs. Individualized comfort concept is fostered through this theory to promote enhance well being considering the vital components of relief, ease and transcendence. The theory is applicable t o various clinical domains and widely in vogue for mitigating the issues of pain management in perianesthesia setting as well. Therefore, nurses and healthcare professionals must be aware and updated regarding the knowledge and care modalities that will offer respite to the distressed patients. References Aksoy Derya, Y., Pasinlio?lu, T. (2015). The Effect of Nursing Care Based on Comfort Theory on Women's Postpartum Comfort Levels After Caesarean Sections.International journal of nursing knowledge. Alligood, M. R. (2014).Nursing theorists and their work. Elsevier Health Sciences. Boudiab, L. D., Kolcaba, K. (2015). Comfort Theory: Unraveling the Complexities of Veterans' Health Care Needs.Advances in Nursing Science,38(4), 270-278. Buss, H. E., Melderis, K. (2002). PACU pain management algorithm.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,17(1), 11-20. Chaillet, N., Belaid, L., Crochetiere, C., Roy, L., Gagn, G. P., Moutquin, J. M., ... Bonapace, J. (2014). Nonpharmacologic Approaches for Pain Management During Labor Compared with Usual Care: A Meta?Analysis.Birth,41(2), 122-137. Craig, J. (2014). Nursing Knowledge and Attitudes toward Pain Management. Ead, H. (2014). Perianesthesia NursingBeyond the Critical Care Skills.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,29(1), 36-49. Eshkevari, L., Trout, K. K., Damore, J. (2013). Management of postpartum pain.Journal of Midwifery Womens Health,58(6), 622-631. Goodwin, M., Candela, L. (2013). Outcomes of newly practicing nurses who applied principles of holistic comfort theory during the transition from school to practice: A qualitative study.Nurse education today,33(6), 614-619. Hansen, D. M., Higgins, P. A., Warner, C. B., Mayo, M. M. (2015). Exploring family relationships through associations of comfort, relatedness states, and life closure in hospice patients: a pilot study.Palliative and Supportive Care,13(02), 305-311. Hou, Y. F., Zhao, A. P., Feng, Y. X., Cui, X. N., Wang, L. L., Wang, L. X. (2014). Nurses' knowledge and attitudes on comfort nursing care for hospitalized patients.International journal of nursing practice,20(6), 573-578. Kolcaba, K. (2015). Katharine Kolcabas Comfort Theory.Nursing theories and nursing practice, 381. Kolcaba, K., Wilson, L. (2002). Comfort care: A framework for perianesthesia nursing.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,17(2), 102-114. Krinsky, R., Murillo, I., Johnson, J. (2014). A practical application of Katharine Kolcaba's comfort theory to cardiac patients.Applied Nursing Research,27(2), 147-150. Marshall, A. M. (2016). Development of a Practice Guideline for DNP Prepared Nurse Practitoners Working in Long-Term Care Facilities. McEwen, M. (2013). Theoretical frameworks for research.Nursing Research: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice, 75. Monroe, T. B., Parish, A., Mion, L. C. (2015). Decision factors nurses use to assess pain in nursing home residents with dementia.Archives of psychiatric nursing,29(5), 316-320. Nord, D., Belew, J. (2009). Effectiveness of the essential oils lavender and ginger in promoting children's comfort in a perianesthesia setting.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,24(5), 307-312. Odom-Forren, J. A. N., Clifford, T. L. (2015). 1 Evolution of Perianesthesia Care.PeriAnesthesia Nursing Core Curriculum: Preprocedure, Phase I and Phase II PACU Nursing, 1. Pain, A. S. P. A. N., Comfort, S. W. T., Krenzischek, D. A., Windle, P., Mamaril, M. (2004). A survey of current perianesthesia nursing practice for pain and comfort management.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,19(3), 138-149. Park, O. B., Choi, H. (2010). The effect of pre-warming for patients under abdominal surgery on body temperature, anxiety, pain, and thermal comfort.Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing,40(3), 317-325. Pasero, C., Belden, J. (2006). Evidence-based perianesthesia care: accelerated postoperative recovery programs.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,21(3), 168-176. Pasternak, S. (2016). Perianesthesia Organization and Administration.Perianesthesia Nursing Care, 3. Seefeldt, J. W., Wood, S., Bolton, P., Fitzpatrick, T., Stegenga, K., Roberts, C. (2016). Perianesthesia Nurses Are My Second Family: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. Seyedfatemi, N., Rafii, F., Rezaei, M., Kolcaba, K. (2014). Comfort and hope in the preanesthesia stage in patients undergoing surgery.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,29(3), 213-220. Sine, C. (2015). Postoperative pain management in elderly people. Tee, F. Y., Low, C. S. L., Matizha, P. (2015). Patient Perceptions and Experience of Pain, Anxiety and Comfort during Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Medical Wards: Topical Anaesthesia, Effective Communication, and Empowerment.International Journal of Nursing Science,5(2), 41-46. Townsend, C. S., Bonham, E., Chase, L., Dunscomb, J., McAlister, S. (2014). A comparison of still point induction to massage therapy in reducing pain and increasing comfort in chronic pain.Holistic nursing practice,28(2), 78-84. Tse, M. M., Chan, M. F., Benzie, I. F. (2005). The effect of music therapy on postoperative pain, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and analgesic use following nasal surgery.Journal of Pain Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy,19(3), 21-29. Twohig, B., Manasia, A., Bassily-Marcus, A., Oropello, J., Gayton, M., Gaffney, C., Kohli-Seth, R. (2015). Family experience survey in the surgical intensive care unit.Applied Nursing Research,28(4), 281-284. Wilson, L., Kolcaba, K. (2004). Practical application of comfort theory in the perianesthesia setting.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,19(3), 164-173. Windle, P. E., Schick, L. (2015).PeriAnesthesia nursing core curriculum: Preprocedure, phase I and phase II PACU nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Surrealism and Real in Spellbound and Un Chien Andalou Essay Example

Surrealism and Real in Spellbound and Un Chien Andalou Paper As Richardson’s rightly suggests, ‘if a film could be viewed as surrealist under certain conditions, this does not make this or that film a ‘surrealist’ one. In fact, there is no such thing as ‘surrealist’ film. There are only films made by surrealists, or films, which have an affinity or correspondence with surrealism’ (Richardson, 6). Both Un Chien Andalou and Spellbound should be regarded in the mentioned respect. Notwithstanding these film’s surrealist connotation, which are especially evident in Bunuel’s and Dali’s film, the first thing that links them to reality is formal techniques such editing, sequencing of images and events, structural elements, which unravel in real time, creating framework for interpretation. However, as Un Chien Andalou vividly exemplifies, at least formally surrealism also contradicts certain conventions in realist representation of reality. The latter is reflected in the absence of linear and logarithmic correlations and causal ties, recursive and programmable parallel sequences. By means of exposing inner structure of the movie, the symbolic unity of cultural content is often broken and the audience is left in front of grotesque and estranged reality (Richardson, 67). In comparison to traditional realist approach, Un Chien Andalou lacks clear temporal and spatial coherence and logic. The plot in conventional sense is absent from the film and its temporal fabric is broken into pieces and temporal leaps – the starting sequence ‘once upon a time’ inadequately narrates the image sequence of man’s sharpening the razor and then slitting the eye of his wife with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Surrealism and Real in Spellbound and Un Chien Andalou specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Surrealism and Real in Spellbound and Un Chien Andalou specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Surrealism and Real in Spellbound and Un Chien Andalou specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The image of moon, being cut by the sharp object seems to create association with opened eye. The meaning of this scene, if interpreted in a strictly realist perspective is absent, as the episode is not explained and connoted in a coherent way. The absence of causal links between actions and implications create the atmosphere of nonsense. However, such an approach is not viable in this situation. The reality presented in this scene has dream logic, because it is filled with free associations and perceptive amplifications, which often have traumatic character. One of the basic purposes of such surrealist technique is increasing human perception, which should result in deep penetration in one’s own Unconscious and Real’s structure. Therefore, the purpose of such cinematic sequence is not providing with clear understanding of the logic, but amplifying experience of Real as it is in its ugliness and absurdity. The next scene is ‘eight years later’ and has not direct linkage with the previous sequence, which means that perception is understood by the authors as blind to the memory and time, as it is the only means for portraying the Real in its condition. This sequence is also filled with strange meanings and signs, which are seemingly impossible to interpret. The ‘lover’ wearing a nun’s clothing with a locked box on his neck. The same affect of fantasy is produced after the death of ‘lover’, when the ‘wife’ assembles the pieces of his clothing and he suddenly appears near the door, looking at his palm with the hole in it, from which many ants emerge. The scene has similarities with traditional method, used in horror films, however, its purposes are different, which is proved by the following episodes. The sequence is cut to the street, where an androgynous subject is poking at a cut hand, surrounded by the crowd, policemen etc. When a cut hand is finally placed by the police in ‘lover’ box, the blind androgynous figure is left alone in the middle of the street and then ran down by the car. The ‘lover’, being affected by this sudden death, becomes aggressive and tries to sexually offense the ‘wife’. As in the previous case, the analyzed sequence lacks clear logical links between its episodes. However, the episodes often seem to convey assertive meanings by themselves. The episode, when the ‘lover’ exposes his sadist essence after the death of blind figure, is obviously an allusion to Freudian concept of ‘will to death’, as deeply ties sexual desire with finite nature of human existence.

Databases essays

Databases essays The database consists of characters or a group of characters that form a field. A related group of fields creates a record. The records are combined to form a file. The files are grouped to form a database. Databases can contain only characters or can also include images, sound, and movies to form a multimedia database. Businesses need data so that it is available, modifiable, and controllable. Data files can be organized in a sequentially, direct, or indexed file. The data must be kept up to date and correct. To do this a data validation process must be used. The advantage of data files is that they are easy to use. The disadvantages are that when multiple data files are required for the business a lot of duplication of data and effort is involved; this is where databases comes to play. The database consolidates the different data files into one database and is managed with database management software. The database is a collection of data and relationships in the stored data. Throu gh the relationships established in the database the updating of the database normally requires single entries for one field or record. The database will then update the other databases within the whole database based on that input. This is the primary advantage of the database method of managing data. The greatest disadvantage of database software is the cost of the software and the need for a more powerful computer with larger storage, both primary and secondary, to store the data. Another disadvantage is that the database is stored altogether on one disk, if that disk is damaged or destroyed all data is lost. The final disadvantage is that systems utilizing this system can be complex to develop. Database relationships can be one-to-one, one-to-many or many-to-many. The most common type of database in use today is the relational database utilizing one of the relationships. The relational database requires the use of a primary key that uniquely identifies ...

23 Uplifting Things to Do on Thanksgiving Day You Must Try This Year

23 Uplifting Things to Do on Thanksgiving Day You Must Try This Year Thanksgiving is one of the most bright and cheerful holidays of the year, a day to spend with your family and friends and get together for a tasty meal and peaceful evening. Here are some things to do on the Thanksgiving day to make it memorable and fun. Celebrating With Your Family For many families, Thanksgiving weekend is a chance to enjoy rare meetings and festive mood. 1. Cook a dinner. Cooking a dinner with your family is a touchy and precious moment for you and your family to remember. Its also a great way to show your gratitude and lend a helping hand to the hostess. 2. Watch Thanksgiving Day Parade. Parades are held in many cities and watching them on TV or in real life makes this day really special and festive. 3. Play sports. There are multiple health benefits of spending time with your relatives outdoors. Sports activities are useful in particular considering a full course dinner ahead. Tennis, basketball or frisbee are great activities for big families. 4. Watch an old movie. Thanksgiving is a great opportunity to sit altogether by the TV. Your family may choose a movie to watch annually and make it a good family tradition. 5. Look through family photos. Make this holiday a little bit nostalgic: your elder family members will enjoy that. Some of your family members could even start asking you awkward questions about your life in college. 6. Decorate the table. Dont forget about fancy napkins and candles! Beautiful decorations will set up the mood for tasty dinner. 7. Take a trip to the countryside. Living in a big city might be stressful so spending a weekend in the countryside is a relaxing and healing way to celebrate. 8. Make a wish by breaking wishbone. While carving a turkey take out a wishbone and let it dry. After the dinner, two family members pull at it and the winner makes a wish. 9. Participate in Turkey trot race. Burn up some calories before the big dinner and also raise some money for low-income families. Celebrating With Your Friends Friendsgiving Being away from home doesnt mean that Thanksgiving is canceled. Make it into Friendsgiving which tends to gain popularity through last years. Even with poor cooking skills, you can still throw an amazing party and even set up a new tradition among your friends. 1. Play video and board games. Entertainment is an important part of the holiday. So dont forget to prepare the list of games you and your friends will enjoy. Apples to Apples, Jenga, Clue are not taking too much time to play as Monopoly so are a better choice for a fun evening. 2. Watch annual football game. If you and your friends enjoy sports, its a good idea to watch a sports channel together and cheer for your favorite team. 3. Watch the best episodes of favorite sitcoms. Share the episodes you enjoy the most with your friends. Holiday-themed episodes will fit the most. 4. Set up a picnic. If the weather is fine and you dont want to stay inside, go ahead and pack for a picnic in the nearest park or wood. Fresh air and the beauty of fall weather are great for active games and sincere conversations. 5. Ride bikes in a park. Fast and active ride in a park can easily burn off calories you’ve consumed this holiday weekend and also set up a good mood for the rest of the day. 6. Pajamas party. Its more untraditional way to celebrate Thanksgiving but definitely a fun one. Cozy pajamas, chilling music and tasty snacks among holiday lights will create a relaxed holiday mood. Sounds nice, doesnt it? However, there are even more party ideas for students to celebrate Thanksgiving Day. 7. Play football. Team active sports are great before big festive meals. Football is a traditional game for this holiday and it is fun to watch for those, who choose not to participate. Celebrating on Your Own Dont be depressed if you are celebrating this day without guests. Make it a real holiday for yourself and do what makes you happy. 1. Take a good nap. Thanksgiving weekend is a wonderful time to shake off stress from studying and working the whole year. So take a time to relax and get a good rest. 2. Take popcorn and watch a favorite movie. Is it Scream or Batman? Grab a big bowl of popcorn and turn on your favorite movie or sitcom. 3. Take a long walk or ride. Sometimes you really need to fresh up your thoughts and walking in the fresh air is a way to do it. And its a great cardio exercise. 4. Prepare for Black Friday. If you are about to go shopping on a Black Friday, make a list of things to buy and shops to visit the next day. This will help you to concentrate on things you really need and not to be distracted on sales. 5. Volunteer. Your local churches or homeless shelters may need some help, especially at this time of the year. You can help with cooking and serving a meal or donate redundant clothes to charity. By the way, did you know how many benefits you get from volunteering? 6. Make a thankful list. This is more than just a good tradition but the way to concentrate on aspects of the past and stay positive for the future. So go ahead and make a list of things that have brought you happiness this year and what you are thankful for. 7. Watch Thanksgiving documentary. There are plenty of amazing historical movies about pilgrims and origin of Thanksgiving Day which you will find interesting. Enjoy your Thanksgiving and don’t forget to give your thanks!

Jacobs and Douglass' Narratives Regarding the True Escape from Slavery Research Paper

Jacobs and Douglass' Narratives Regarding the True Escape from Slavery - Research Paper Example \Writers such as Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass provide examples of the dehumanizing elements of slavery, hinted when Jacobs comments â€Å"Slavery is terrible for men, but is more terrible for women†, while also providing clues as to how slavery might be escaped through education as in Douglass’ statement, â€Å"You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall now see how a slave was made a man.† These examples and clues can be found in Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Both books bring into sharp relief the miserable conditions of a slave’s life and the ways in which it dehumanized the black people. Douglass sadly informs the reader that he is uncertain of his age or the day he was born and, although his mother died when he was seven years old, he was relatively unaffected by the news as he had been separated from her since infancy. â€Å"Never having enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tender and watchful care, I received the tidings of [my mother’s] death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger† (Douglass Ch. 1). By the time Douglass was seven, he had learned of the death of his mother, watched his aunt brutally whipped and had taken his own place at work in the fields. He describes the life of the slave, illustrating its bestial level of survival existence and the types of behaviors they were expected to exhibit when they were in the presence of their mas ters. Jacobs also focuses on the brutality of slavery in her description of early life as a slave girl actively pursued by a lascivious slave owner. The only way she can avoid becoming her master’s black mistress at the age of 15 is to give herself up to another white man of her own choosing. â€Å"I shed bitter tears that I was no longer worthy of being respected by the good and pure

Critical analisis essay. SPANISH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical analisis . SPANISH - Essay Example Uno de los elementos claves que ayudan en la puesta en practica de este sistema de control es la existencia de una figura de poder, cuya identidad es de poca importancia, asi como tambien la existencia de una red de personas, cuya identidad tambien es intrascendente, que ayudan en el ejercicio del poder. De hecho en la historia la mancha indeleble el personaje principal solo puede escuchar una voz, dicha voz es incorporea y, segun el personaje principal, no podia relacionarse con un ser de carne y hueso: La voz llenaba todo el salon y resonaba entre las paredes†¦Yo no podia saber de donde salia. Tenia la impresion de que todo lo que veia estaba hablando a un tiempo: el piso de marmol negro y blanco, la alfombra roja que iba de la escalinata a la gran mesa del recibidor, y la alfombra similar que cruzaba a todo lo largo por el centro; las grandes columnas, las cornisas de cubos dorados, las dos lamparas de cristal de Bohemia (Bosch 1). Este extracto nos hace pensar que ni el gene ro, ni la posicion social, ni la profesion de dicha figura son de consecuencia. Lo que si es fundamental es que la figura no pueda ser vista por los individuos que son vigilados. Asi como tambien que el individuo crea que el sistema disciplinario, cuyo representante en la historia de Bosch es la voz incorporea, tenga un alcance total. Como ya se ha mencionado, esta figura de poder no es la unica persona en todo el sistema. Tambien hay otras personas que ejercen diferentes funciones dentro de este sistema de control. Cada individuo tiene un papel que jugar y es, a su vez, supervisado por alguien de mayor jerarquia. En Pormenores de una servidumbre de Pedro Peix, el Benefactor claramente representa la figura de poder, pero durante todo el relato hay personas, cuya identidad tambien ignoramos, encargadas de realizar los trabajos sucios. Hay personas encargadas de grabar las sesiones amorosas de la esposa del personaje principal con otros hombres, hay personas que encargadas de seducir a la hija del personaje principal, hay personas encargadas de contratar la banda y las prostitutas que se apostaron en frente de la casa del personaje principal. Y, tambien, esta la persona encargada de hacer las llamadas telefonicas que el personaje principal recibia (Cespedes). Esta claro que este sistema es extenso en su practica y que abarca todas las areas de la vida cotidiana del individuo, incluso las areas mas intimas y los detalles mas pequenos no estan fuera del alcance de este regimen. En el relato de Bosch una voz incorporea le pide al personaje principal que remueva su cabeza pues ya no la necesitaria. Y el personaje principal le indica que no puede despojarse de su cabeza tan facilmente: Deme un tiempo para pensarlo. Comprenda que ella esta llena de mis ideas, de mis recuerdos. Es el resumen de mi propia vida. Ademas, si me quedo sin ella, ?con que voy a pensar? (Bosch 2). Sin darle mucha importancia la voz le contesta que ya no la necesitaba pues ellos (los miembros d e este sistema disciplinario) pensarian por el y que sus recuerdos eran innecesarios. Un sistema como este, que no tiene ningun reparo en declarar que las ideas, las emociones y

Aztec Art and Culture :: essays papers

Aztec Art and Culture The Aztec nation is one of the largest and most advanced Indian nations to ever exist on earth. Just about every part of the Aztec life was advance to such a state that at that time of the world the people were living better than many European nations. The Aztec nation is unique in its history, economy, environment, and way of life then any other nation at that time. The Aztec Indians, who are known for their domination of southern and central Mexico, ruled between the 14th and 16th centuries. They built a great empire and developed very modernized ways of doing things. The Aztecs had phenomenal architectural skills and waterway systems. The Indians also had very developed social class and government systems and practiced a form of religion. To begin with, the Aztecs were very skilled in the art of Architecture and waterway systems. â€Å"An example of the monumental architecture within the Aztec society is the great pyramid of Tenochtitlan. Montezuma I, who was the ruler of the Aztecs in 1466, created it. The pyramid was not finished until the rule of Montezuma II, around 1508. Aztec cities and towns also had working drinking water and waste treatment systems. An intricate plumbing system using clay pipes ran down from the mountains around Mexico valley to all of the towns and cities in the valley. As the water ran into each town or city it was dispersed to 10 or 12 places around town were it flowed into a pool for drinking water or was pumped into public baths and toilets. Only nobles had working drinking and bathing systems with running water in their homes. The sewage system worked much like today, having human wastes carried to a collection pool where solids were collected, and then having liquids run off into a series of terraces which filtered the water. Solid wastes were allowed to sit in a collection pool for about six months and then were brought to the lake gardens to be used as fertilizer†(Jennings, Aztec, Pg. 220). At the bottom of the heap were slaves and serfs, or the Tlacotli, who worked the private lands of the nobility. Next came the Macehualtin, ‘the fortunate,’ as they were called because they were equally free of the heavy responsibility of the nobility and of the slave’s liability to being basely used. They were the merchants, shopkeepers and artisans that made up the bulk of the population.

Global Fishing and its Impact on the Environment Essay

The demand of fish in the international market has been increasing in the last few years. This is because many researches on nutrition have revealed that consuming fish is one of the best healthy practices. Fish does not have a lot of fats and bad cholesterol and it is a good source of vitamins and natural nutrients. This paper is about the trends of fishing in the global arena and its impact on the environment. The paper will concern recreational and commercial both types of fishing and the problems they are causing to the marine environment. The current state of global fisheries, aquaculture and the environmental cost of fishing will be the main subjects of interest in this paper. Although many countries have started efforts to develop practices of sustainable fishing through developing the idea of fish farms, however, the main threat to the environment is recreational fishing. The impacts on the marine life itself and the fish population will be discussed in the paper. Current State of Global Fisheries There was a steady rise in fishing, according to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, until the mid 1990s when the trend became stable. In 2001, a study showed that the marine catch has been declining at a rate of 10% each year since the late 1980s. There have also been estimations that around 50% of the world’s fish reserves have been fully exploited, around 20% are overexploited and another 10% are depleted because of overfishing. The histogram graph below shows the increasing share of aqua culture in the total fishing, however, the largest share of the total fish catch is still for the fish being captured from free waters. Southeast Pacific regions contribute the most to the catch of fish globally. The fish that have been captured the most are anchovy and Chilean jack mackerel (Hart & Reynolds, 2004). Figure 1- (Hart & Reynolds, 2004) The research has also shown that almost 80% of the total fish captured was used for direct human consumption while other 20% went for further processing for non-consumption production. In the year 1997, the per capita consumption of fish has increased in the past 50 years from 9 kg per person to around 16 kg per person each year. This was the data for underdeveloped countries; however, the consumption in the developed countries has risen from 20kg to almost 28kg per capita per year. In the underdeveloped countries, the protein intake from the consumption of fish can form 20% of the total intake. In the developed countries and in the Southeastern Asian countries, the consumption is much higher (Hart & Reynolds, 2004). The top ten countries which are the largest catchers of the total fish catches include China, Japan, India, United States, Russia and Indonesia. However, China is the largest catcher of fish as the total amount stands to around 12 million tons of fish (FAOSTAT online database, 2010). The demand of fish is stable at the moment but as the population rises, the demand for fish will also rise. It has been revealed that the people in the developed countries are more prone to eating fish as their per capita consumption is higher than people living in underdeveloped countries. Another point of concern is that the population is rising at a very high rate in countries such as India, Pakistan, Indonesia and the Middle-East where the catch of the fish is also the highest. Figure 2 Impact of Global Fishing on the Environment Today, the exploitation of the fishery resources and reserves has become a major environmental factor of concern for the scientists and environmentalists. The worldwide declines in the population of fish species have been blamed to the excessive commercial fishing and unrestrictive recreational fishing. A recent study has revealed that the total fish harvest from recreational activities may contribute up to almost 12% of the total catch of fish globally (Cooke, Steven, & Cowx, 2004). Fish has been one of the most important food consumption resources that are at risk because of limitless recreational activities and commercial fishing. The potential contribution of fishing to the marine environment and the ecological system of the world has caused many problems in the environment already. Currently, the fish production is meeting the requirements of the population in the countries, but at a great environmental cost. The marine life is not only being endangered by the fishers but their breeding grounds have also been invaded by the commercial companies. These breeding grounds are the safe places for the fish. Though the fish are being bred in huge numbers, but their homes are being destroyed which does not allow the fish to be born. Although a fish can give birth to hundreds of its offspring in one season, but if these offspring are dead before they are born, then the ecological system in the waters is seriously disturbed. According to a research, the increasing pressure of fishing and exploitation of resources in marine life has caused a change in the ecological structure and the ecosystem. The fully developed fish and adult members of the fish are more fondly searched by the commercial and individuals as they render more profits and meat for the production. Therefore the adult population which is responsible for breeding and generating offspring are in great danger by the human activities in the seas. Climate change has also been attributed to the changes in the ecosystem which affect the marine life and decrease their population. In the future, therefore, the fish population, available for human consumption, is anticipated to fall and cause demand supply problems. The primary reasons for this are the attack of the humans on the marine life for consumption, recreational activities of the human individuals and the change in the global climate which is changing the living habitat of these fish (Planque, 2010). Aquaculture Production The term aquaculture is used for the farming of the fish and other marine species including aquatic plants, crustaceans and mollusks in an artificial environment which is fit for their breeding. This is done in order to protect the species of the fish which are getting extinct or for sustainable farming of fish. This practice is very good for the sustainability of the fish in free water as they are not hunted in their breeding grounds. When grown and fully ready, these fish are harvested by a company or an individual who has owned them throughout the period of growth and development (European Commission, 2007). This practice is the only option for meeting the demand of the human for fish consumption. Fishing for recreation has proved to be disastrous for the marine life and the water environment. The whole ecological system is disturbed because of excessive fishing. Aquaculture is mostly being performed for the human consumption but does not addresses the issue of recreational fishing. Aquaculture is also used to presence the dying species by providing the required temperature, environment and food for their existence. Many of these fish could be released in to the wild waters so that they could be used in the recreational activities (Stickney, 2009). Conclusion In order to keep the demand consistent with the supply for fish in the global market, the practice of aquaculture will have to be adopted. The main issues that the fish face are the recreational activities of the human, commercial overexploitation and the change in climate of the world. These problems are changing their habitat environment and hence these fish are getting endangered. However, we should keep in mind that all of the fish species are not being caught for human consumption. Hence, aquaculture will not be able to address this issue. Other strict rules and regulation will have to be implemented by the governments in order to stop the recreational killing of fish. Only the hunting of those fish should be allowed which are abundant in the waters. Aquaculture could be used to breed those fish which are primarily used for the consumption of human through providing an artificial environment where the fish can grow up in a protected way. Bibliography Cooke, Steven, & Cowx, I. (2004). The Role of Recreational Fishing in Global Fish Crises. BioScience , 54 (9), 857-59. European Commission. (2007). Eurostat. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Eurostat Pocketbook: http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DW-07-001/EN/KS-DW-07-001-EN. PDF European Commission. (2009, September). Eurostat. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Fishery Statistics: http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/statistics_explained/index. php/Fishery_statistics FAOSTAT online database. (2010). NationMaster. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Environmental Statistics: http://www. nationmaster. com/graph/env_mar_fis_cat-environment-marine-fish-catch Hart, P. , & Reynolds, J. (2004). Handbook of fish biology and fisheries. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing company. Planque, B. (2010). How does fishing alter marine populations and ecosystems sensitivity to climate? Journal of Marine Systems , 403-417. Stickney, R. (2009). Aquaculture an introductory text. Oxfordshire: Cambridge University Press.

Educational Technology Theories and Theorists Essay

Introduction Technology is becoming more and more predominant in society. The concept of technology is a reality that has pervaded not only our everyday lives but our mere state of existence. Technology has affected every aspect of society. There is no doubt that technology holds great potential for improving the way that people learn and ready or not, technology is affecting education. Educational Technology Ever since the integration of educational technology there has been a dramatic shift in most of the paradigms on which traditional learning exists. The concept of incorporating technology with education is one that has gained widespread attention. Effective use of educational technology is critical to solving numerous†¦show more content†¦Constructivist teaching empowers students in a way that allows them to construct their own knowledge rather than reproduce someone else’s. Constructivism allows students to build rather than receive knowledge. Constructivist learning focuses on real problems, creative solutions, transfer, and problem solving. Educators function as guides or facilitators that assist students as they generate solutions and explore in complex and rich environments. Constructivism as a theory will be forced into play within our school by emerging technologies. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Learning Jean Piaget is renowned for constructing a highly influential model of child development and learning. Piaget’s cognitive learning theory is based on the idea that the developing child builds cognitive structures for understanding and responding to physical experiences within his or her environment. Piaget further demonstrated that a child’s cognitive structure increases in sophistication with development, moving from a few innate reflexes such as crying to highly complex mental activities. Piaget’s theory is primarily known as a developmental stage theory, but in fact, it deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come gradually to acquire it, construct it, and use it. Bruner’s Theory of Constructivist Learning Jerome Bruner was one of theShow MoreRelatedDichotomy Between Theory and Practice in Education1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe interaction between â€Å"theory† and â€Å"practice† in education is a dichotomy that people have been trying to understand for over 2,000 years. The relationship between theorists and practitioners is very complicated because there are issues that surround the pace of change in theory and practice. The debates that have occurred continue to occur through today in an array of perspectives about the purpose of education and about how to encourage learning. 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